Lower limb fractures refer to broken bones in the lower extremities, including the hip, thigh (femur), knee, shin (tibia and fibula), ankle, and foot. These fractures can result from falls, sports injuries, car accidents, or direct impacts.

Symptoms typically include intense pain at the fracture site, swelling, bruising, inability to bear weight or walk, deformity (the limb may appear out of place or shortened), and sometimes a visible break in the skin if the fracture is open.

Diagnosis involves a physical examination and medical history review, followed by imaging studies such as X-rays to confirm the fracture and determine its type and severity. In some cases, CT scans or MRI may be used for a more detailed view, especially for complex fractures or associated soft tissue injuries.

Treatment depends on the location and severity of the fracture. Options include immobilization with a cast or brace, traction, pain management, physical therapy, and surgical intervention (using pins, plates, screws, or rods) to realign and stabilize the bones. Rehabilitation exercises are often necessary to restore function and strength.

Preventive measures include maintaining strong bones through a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, engaging in regular weight-bearing and strength-training exercises, using appropriate protective gear during sports and high-risk activities, ensuring a safe environment to prevent falls, and practicing good ergonomics to avoid repetitive strain injuries. Regular check-ups can help detect and manage underlying conditions that may predispose individuals to fractures.