A slip disc, also known as a herniated or prolapsed disc, occurs when the soft inner gel of a spinal disc bulges out through a tear in the tougher outer layer. This can cause pain and discomfort, especially if it presses on a nerve.

Common symptoms include back pain, pain radiating down the legs (sciatica), numbness or tingling in the affected area, muscle weakness, and in severe cases, loss of bladder or bowel control.

A slip disc can be caused by various factors, including aging (degenerative disc disease), improper lifting techniques, sudden trauma or injury, repetitive strain, and genetic predisposition to disc problems.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, assessment of symptoms, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to visualize the affected disc and surrounding structures.

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and may include rest, physical therapy, pain relief medications, epidural injections, and in severe cases, surgical intervention such as a discectomy or spinal fusion.