Spinal trauma refers to any injury to the spinal cord, vertebrae, or surrounding tissues caused by external force or impact. It can result in temporary or permanent changes in sensation, movement, and bodily functions below the level of the injury.

Common causes include motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, acts of violence (e.g., gunshot wounds), and industrial or workplace accidents. Certain medical conditions, such as osteoporosis or tumors, can also weaken the spine and increase the risk of injury.

Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of the injury and may include pain or pressure in the neck, back, or head; loss of sensation or motor function in the limbs; numbness or tingling; difficulty breathing; and loss of bladder or bowel control.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical and neurological examinations, imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans, and sometimes more specialized tests like myelography to assess the extent and location of the injury.

Treatment depends on the severity of the injury and may include immobilization, medication to reduce inflammation and pain, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgical intervention to stabilize the spine, decompress the spinal cord, or repair damaged structures. Rehabilitation and long-term care are often necessary to maximize recovery and manage symptoms.