TB spine, also known as spinal tuberculosis or Pott's disease, is a form of tuberculosis that affects the vertebrae of the spine. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and can lead to severe complications if not treated promptly.

Symptoms of TB spine include chronic back pain, stiffness, muscle spasms, fever, weight loss, night sweats, and in severe cases, neurological deficits such as numbness, weakness, or paralysis in the limbs.

Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to detect spinal abnormalities, and laboratory tests including TB skin test, blood tests, and biopsy of the affected tissue to identify the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Treatment typically includes a prolonged course of anti-tuberculosis medications (for at least 6-9 months), bed rest, and immobilization of the spine with braces. In severe cases where there is significant spinal damage or neurological impairment, surgical intervention may be necessary to stabilize the spine and decompress affected nerves.

Preventing TB spine involves early detection and treatment of tuberculosis infection, especially in high-risk populations. Vaccination with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, maintaining good hygiene, proper nutrition, and avoiding close contact with individuals who have active TB can reduce the risk. Regular medical check-ups and prompt treatment of TB infections are crucial in preventing the spread and complications of tuberculosis, including TB spine.