Upper limb fractures refer to broken bones in the upper extremities, including the shoulder, arm (humerus), elbow, forearm (radius and ulna), wrist, and hand. These fractures can result from trauma, falls, or direct impacts.

Symptoms typically include severe pain at the site of the fracture, swelling, bruising, deformity (the limb may appear out of place), difficulty or inability to move the affected limb, and sometimes a visible break in the skin if the fracture is open.

Diagnosis involves a physical examination and medical history review, followed by imaging studies such as X-rays to confirm the presence and type of fracture. In some cases, CT scans or MRI may be used to get a more detailed view of complex fractures or associated soft tissue injuries.

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture. Options include immobilization with a cast or splint, pain management, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgical intervention to realign and stabilize the bones using pins, plates, or screws. Recovery often involves a combination of these methods.

Preventive measures include maintaining strong bones through a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, engaging in regular weight-bearing exercises, using protective gear during high-risk activities (such as sports), ensuring a safe home environment to prevent falls, and practicing good ergonomics to avoid repetitive strain injuries. Regular medical check-ups can also help detect and manage conditions that may weaken bones.