Endoscopic spinal fusion is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves the fusion of two or more vertebrae in the spine using an endoscope. The procedure is designed to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by conditions such as degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, or spinal instability.

This procedure is performed to treat chronic back pain and spinal instability that have not responded to conservative treatments like physical therapy, medications, and injections. By fusing the affected vertebrae, the procedure aims to reduce pain and prevent further degeneration or instability.

Endoscopic spinal fusion offers several benefits over traditional open fusion surgery, including smaller incisions, reduced muscle and tissue damage, less postoperative pain, decreased blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times. The use of an endoscope allows for precise placement of fusion materials with minimal disruption to surrounding tissues.

While generally safe, endoscopic spinal fusion carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, nerve damage, spinal fluid leaks, non-union of the fused vertebrae, adjacent segment disease (problems in spinal segments next to the fused area), and adverse reactions to anesthesia.

Patients may stay in the hospital for a day or two post-surgery. Light activities can usually be resumed within a few weeks, but heavy lifting, twisting, and bending should be avoided for several months. Physical therapy is often recommended to help regain strength and mobility. Full recovery can take several months, during which the bones continue to fuse and stabilize the spine.