Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat vertebral compression fractures. It involves the insertion of a balloon into the fractured vertebra to create space, which is then filled with bone cement to stabilize the fracture, restore the height of the vertebra, and alleviate pain.

Kyphoplasty is typically recommended for patients with painful vertebral compression fractures caused by osteoporosis, cancer, or trauma that do not respond to conservative treatments such as pain medication, rest, or physical therapy.

The procedure is usually performed under local or general anesthesia. A small incision is made in the back, and a narrow tube is inserted into the fractured vertebra using imaging guidance. A balloon is then inflated to create space, and bone cement is injected to stabilize the fracture. The procedure usually takes about one hour per vertebra, and patients can often go home the same day.

Although Kyphoplasty is generally safe, potential risks and complications include infection, bleeding, increased back pain, cement leakage, nerve damage, and, in rare cases, pulmonary embolism.

Most patients experience significant pain relief within a few days after the procedure. Patients are generally advised to avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities for a few weeks but can typically resume normal daily activities soon after the procedure. Physical therapy may also be recommended to strengthen the back muscles and improve overall spine health.