Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) is a type of spinal fusion surgery where the surgeon accesses the lumbar spine from the side to remove a damaged disc and insert a bone graft. This procedure aims to stabilize the spine and relieve pressure on the spinal nerves.

TLIF is performed to treat conditions like degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, or recurrent disc herniations. It helps alleviate chronic back pain, nerve pain, and other symptoms caused by these spinal issues.

The transforaminal approach in TLIF allows for better access to the disc space with minimal disruption to the spinal muscles and tissues. This can result in less postoperative pain, reduced blood loss, and a quicker recovery compared to traditional fusion techniques.

Like any surgical procedure, TLIF carries risks such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage, blood clots, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. Additionally, there is a risk of non-union (failure of the bone graft to fuse properly) and adjacent segment disease (problems in spinal segments adjacent to the fused area).

Recovery from TLIF can take several months. Initially, patients may stay in the hospital for a few days. Physical therapy is often recommended to help regain strength and mobility. Patients are typically advised to avoid heavy lifting, twisting, and bending for several weeks to ensure proper healing and fusion. The full recovery timeline and specific restrictions will be determined by the surgeon based on the patient's individual condition and progress.